Validation is a universal need—whether it’s a toddler seeking approval after taking their first steps or an employee wanting feedback on their performance. While it’s vital not to rely excessively on external validation, receiving it can significantly enhance our mental health and self-esteem. This is true for older adults as well, who often find themselves in situations where validation is scarce. This is where validation therapy comes into play.
What Is Validation Therapy?
Developed by social worker Naomi Feil between 1963 and 1980, validation therapy is designed to assist older adults and those with cognitive impairments. An article published in 2003 by researchers Martin Neal and Philip Barton Wright in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews describes validation therapy as centered around the principle of acknowledging and accepting an individual’s personal reality. Although it was not specifically created for individuals with dementia, it has evolved to support those with this condition.
Since the 1990s, validation therapy has gained acceptance among healthcare professionals, although it has also faced scrutiny. Critics question the scientific backing of its principles and some argue that it can come across as patronizing, as it involves affirming a loved one’s distorted perceptions.
Who Is Naomi Feil?
Naomi Feil, a prominent gerontologist, has dedicated her life to studying aging. Raised in a home for seniors, her experiences deeply influenced her passion for elder care. She pursued social work at Columbia University and, alongside her husband, laid the groundwork for validation therapy, producing numerous educational films related to dementia.
Application of Validation Therapy for Dementia Patients
Validation therapy emphasizes empathy and active listening, recognizing individuals with dementia as valuable and unique. According to Dana Larson, the goal is to help these individuals express themselves, whether verbally or nonverbally, while addressing any unresolved issues they may have. This approach acknowledges behaviors that might seem irrational to outsiders, treating them with respect rather than dismissal. As noted by Elmcroft Senior Living, validation therapy shifts focus to the present moment, avoiding the question of “why” in favor of understanding and acceptance.
Examples of Validation Therapy Techniques:
- Using a calm, low-pitched tone when communicating
- Taking a moment to gather your thoughts before responding
- Maintaining eye contact
- Steering clear of arguments or debates
- Restating their feelings to validate their experiences
- Inquiring about specific details of their situation without questioning their reality
- Encouraging positive recollections related to their current thoughts
- Engaging their senses to evoke memories, such as asking about scents from their past
- Prioritizing their feelings over your own, ensuring they feel acknowledged
Benefits of Validation Therapy
While the effectiveness of validation therapy remains inconclusive, many caregivers and professionals who work with dementia patients report noticeable improvements. These can include:
- Increased alertness and social engagement
- Reduced instances of crying or agitation
- Diminished need for physical or chemical restraints
- Enhanced verbal and nonverbal communication
- Lower anxiety levels and greater feelings of self-worth
Because responses to validation therapy can vary widely, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before implementing these techniques. What may be beneficial for one individual could be detrimental for another.
Is Validation Therapy Calming or Condescending?
For those with dementia, their perception of reality may differ significantly from that of individuals without the condition. While validation therapy aims to affirm their experiences, some critics view this method as condescending. However, confronting their false experiences can lead to distress, making validation a more compassionate approach.
How to Communicate with Someone with Dementia
When using validation therapy, it’s essential to communicate thoughtfully. Stick to general social inquiries to avoid triggering confusion or frustration. If inaccuracies arise in their conversation, it’s often best to redirect the discussion rather than correct them, maintaining respect for their reality. When departing, opt for a softer exit like, “I’m going to pick up the kids now,” instead of a formal goodbye, which may feel too final.
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Summary:
Validation therapy is a therapeutic approach developed by Naomi Feil aimed at assisting older adults, particularly those with dementia, by acknowledging their unique perceptions and experiences. While the effectiveness of this therapy is still debated, many caregivers report positive outcomes, such as improved communication and emotional well-being. However, it’s important to approach this method thoughtfully and consult healthcare providers for tailored advice.