Updated: Dec. 18, 2015
Originally Published: March 26, 2015
Observing little Emma emulate adult-like stress responses was both amusing and revealing. She seemed to have a clear understanding of what activities might induce stress and how to react to them. However, in reality, children often struggle to identify the sources of their stress and appropriate ways to cope. Their developing brains make them particularly susceptible to the long-term detrimental effects of intense stress.
Today, the term “stress” is commonly associated with negative emotions. Yet, Dr. Hans Selye first defined it in 1936 as “the non-specific response of the body to any demand for change.” In this context, stress can be seen as a natural and sometimes beneficial reaction to various stimuli. Experiencing low levels of stress can actually aid children in learning how to navigate new challenges and adjust to unexpected situations. This form of “positive stress” is typically short-lived, results in minimal physiological changes, and can positively influence a child’s growth when appropriately managed.
However, excessive stress, termed “toxic stress,” can be harmful to children’s physical and neurological development. Long-lasting stressors such as abuse, neglect, or exposure to domestic violence can lead to a range of issues, as noted by the CDC. Chronic stress can weaken the immune system, affect memory, and even reduce IQ levels. These are just a few of the consequences stemming from the significant neurological disturbances that occur when children face uncontrollable adverse experiences.
Parents need not fear that their children will encounter stress, but they should remain attentive to ensure that it remains at a manageable level. More intense stressors, such as parental separation or the loss of a loved one, can be overcome with the support of nurturing adults in a child’s life. Research indicates that even toxic stress can be mitigated or reversed by the consistent presence and responsiveness of a caring adult.
The power of love, combined with a stable environment and supportive figures, equips children with the tools to manage stress effectively. It’s perfectly normal for your child to express distress during a doctor’s visit or to cry for an extended period when learning to sleep alone. These reactions are simply examples of positive stress and are integral to their developmental journey.
Mimicking adult behaviors is also an essential part of childhood development—hence my laughter at Emma’s over-the-top performances, followed by offering her a refreshing glass of grape juice during lunch.
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Summary:
Understanding the difference between positive and toxic stress is crucial for child development. While some stressors can foster resilience, excessive stress can have harmful effects on a child’s wellbeing. Supportive adult relationships play a key role in helping children cope with life’s challenges.