If your newborn’s once radiant skin appears to have taken on a yellowish tint, it may be jaundice. This condition is quite common and typically not a cause for concern. Here’s what you need to know about jaundice in infants.
What is Jaundice in Babies?
Jaundice is a frequent, temporary condition in newborns that causes yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. It affects about 60% of full-term infants and around 80% of those born prematurely. This occurs due to an accumulation of bilirubin in the baby’s bloodstream. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advises that all newborns should have their bilirubin levels checked before being discharged from the hospital, with follow-up appointments organized based on their bilirubin levels, gestational age, and other considerations.
What Causes Newborn Jaundice?
Newborn jaundice usually stems from the immature liver’s inability to process bilirubin effectively. Bilirubin is a yellow substance produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. In newborns, especially those born prematurely, the liver may not yet be fully developed, leading to a buildup of bilirubin.
Symptoms of Jaundice in Newborns
The primary symptom of jaundice is yellowing of the skin and eyes. This is often most noticeable on the face and can spread down the body as the condition progresses.
Risk Factors for Jaundice
Certain factors can increase the likelihood of jaundice in newborns, including:
- Premature birth
- Breastfeeding difficulties
- Blood type incompatibility between mother and baby
How is Newborn Jaundice Treated?
Treatment may not be necessary for mild cases of jaundice. However, in more severe instances, phototherapy—a treatment involving special lights that help break down bilirubin in the skin—may be employed. In some cases, a blood transfusion might be required if bilirubin levels are dangerously high.
Duration of Jaundice
Most newborns with jaundice will see their symptoms resolve within one to two weeks as their liver matures and begins processing bilirubin more effectively.
Preventing Newborn Jaundice
While not all cases of jaundice can be prevented, ensuring the baby is feeding well can help. Adequate feeding promotes bowel movements, which help eliminate bilirubin from the body.
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In summary, jaundice is a common and usually harmless condition in newborns, characterized by yellowing skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels. It typically resolves on its own as the baby’s liver matures, although treatment may be needed in more severe cases.