Lifestyle
Recognizing the Signs of an Eating Disorder in Children
Eating disorders among children and adolescents are more prevalent than many realize. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, approximately 10 out of 100 young women experience an eating disorder. I, too, was among that number. My struggles began at 13, when I started scrutinizing my body. By 14, I became obsessed with exercise, constantly doing push-ups and crunches. There were marks on my back from the carpet where I spent countless hours working out. By 15, I began severely restricting my food intake, limiting myself to just 800 calories or one meal a day. Although I did not develop full-blown anorexia or bulimia—my diagnosis was classified as an eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS)—the impact it had on my life was profound. My condition dominated my existence, yet my parents were completely unaware. Why? Because the indicators of eating disorders in young people can often be subtle.
“Many people assume that weight loss is the primary sign of an eating disorder, but in many children, we actually observe a lack of expected weight gain,” explains Dr. Emily Carter, a clinical psychologist and chief clinician at Equip. “For instance, a 15-year-old should typically weigh more than they did at 13. If a child deviates from their growth trajectory, it may indicate an eating disorder.”
Understanding Different Types of Eating Disorders
While there are five clinically recognized eating disorders—anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, muscle dysmorphia, binge eating disorder (BED), and other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED)—there are numerous other unofficial conditions. Compulsive overeating, for instance, refers to individuals who consume excessive amounts of food throughout the day. Orthorexia nervosa describes an unhealthy obsession with perfect dieting, while pregorexia refers to food restriction or starvation during pregnancy.
What Causes Eating Disorders?
No single factor can be pinpointed as the cause of eating disorders. Instead, a combination of environmental influences, genetics, and life experiences contribute to their development. Often, those with eating disorders struggle with low self-esteem and a negative body image. Participation in sports or activities focused on weight can heighten vulnerability, and early dieting can set the stage for disordered eating habits.
Common Symptoms of Eating Disorders in Children and Teens
Symptoms can vary widely among individuals, but many signs remain consistent. “If your child exhibits unusual behavior during meals, shows a preoccupation with food, engages in excessive exercise, refuses to eat certain foods, opts for ‘low-fat’ options, or plays with food instead of eating, they may be struggling with an eating disorder,” advises nutritionist Rachel Thompson, a leading dietitian and therapist at Change Creates Change Eating Disorder Care.
Other indicators include:
- Noticeable weight loss or lack of expected weight gain, reflected in growth charts
- Refusal to eat previously enjoyed foods
- Frequent discussions about weight, dieting, or restrictive food rules
- Wearing oversized clothing regardless of weather conditions
- Negative self-talk regarding their body or others’ appearances
- Skipping meals, avoiding family meals, or discarding food
- Hiding food wrappers or large amounts of missing food
- Social withdrawal or refusal to attend school
- Mood swings, irritability, and anxiety
- Sleep disturbances
- Physical issues like stomach pain, dehydration, dizziness, sore throats, and dental problems
“Serious physical symptoms can include significant weight loss, gastrointestinal issues, feeling cold often due to poor circulation, and compromised immune function,” adds Thompson.
What Steps to Take If You Suspect Your Child Has an Eating Disorder?
If you suspect your child may be facing an eating disorder or struggling with their body image, it’s crucial to understand that support is available, and recovery is achievable. “It’s essential for parents to approach their child calmly and compassionately,” suggests Thompson. “Discuss their behaviors with healthcare professionals, including doctors, therapists, and dietitians, who specialize in eating disorders.”
Creating a nurturing environment is also key. Dr. Carter emphasizes the importance of promoting healthy behaviors at home: “If you want your child to eat breakfast, share that meal with them. Avoid banning entire food groups from your home. Cultivate an ‘all food is good’ mindset. Model body positivity by embracing your own body. Educate yourself and your children about societal fat-phobia and diet culture, helping them become informed consumers.”
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Summary:
Recognizing the signs of eating disorders in children and teens can be challenging, as symptoms often manifest subtly. If you notice concerning behaviors around food, exercise, or body image, it’s vital to approach the situation with care. Open communication with your child and consultation with professionals can pave the way for recovery, fostering a supportive environment that promotes healthy habits and self-acceptance.