In a recent announcement, the American Medical Association (AMA) has advocated for later school start times, emphasizing the importance of adolescent wellness. This initiative arises from a growing understanding of the unique sleep needs of teenagers, who are biologically inclined to stay up late and wake up later. As noted in a study from UCLA, prior to puberty, individuals tend to feel sleepy around 8:00 or 9:00 p.m. However, once puberty hits, this natural rhythm shifts, prompting teens to feel sleepy around 10:00 or 11:00 p.m. This phenomenon, known as “sleep phase delay,” typically delays the sleep requirement by approximately two hours.
Given this biological reality, the AMA highlights the challenges faced by teens who are expected to perform academically in the early morning hours. Alarmingly, around 10% of high schools in the United States begin classes at or before 7:30 a.m. Even with an 8:30 a.m. start time, it’s nearly impossible for teenagers to achieve the recommended 8.5 to 9.5 hours of sleep each night, especially when their bodies are resisting sleep until after 11 p.m.
The AMA’s new policy urges school districts nationwide to establish middle and high school start times no earlier than 8:30 a.m. Furthermore, it encourages healthcare professionals to educate parents, educators, and community members about the critical role sleep plays in the mental and physical health of adolescents, based on their biological needs.
Lack of sleep has been linked to various mental and physical health issues. The AMA reports that insufficient sleep can lead to cognitive problems, mood disorders, and heightened symptoms of depression and anxiety in those who obtain less than six hours of sleep nightly. The science backs it up; there’s a legitimate explanation for why teenagers often appear so fatigued in the morning.
William E. Thompson, an AMA board member, encapsulates the sentiment: “While introducing a later school start time may evoke emotional responses and challenges for school districts and families, the health advantages for adolescents significantly outweigh any potential drawbacks.”
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In summary, the AMA’s call for later school start times reflects a growing recognition of the unique sleep needs of teenagers. Delaying school hours can significantly enhance adolescent health and well-being, fostering better academic performance and mental health.